Observational Systems Discussion

The choice of the method of how different behaviors may be observed and categorized is considered to be one of the most difficult decisions that have to be made by a professional psychologist.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Observational Systems Discussion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Flanagan (2005) admits that such difficulty is caused because get used to think about human behavior as something continuous and seamless instead of consider it as a particular system of behavioral components. As a rule, observations have to be conducted in the early stages of an assessment process and remain to be informal in order to see how a child behaves in an ordinary environment without some disturbing factors (Weiner, Freedheim, Graham, 2003). Unfortunately, it is not always possible to choose the most appropriate and easiest methods of observations, this is why the psychologists try to consider their opportunities and knowledge and define the behavioral peculiarities before the observational process. Current discussion offers two examples of a behavior: one is conducive for continuous measurement (a child with ADHD that can be easily distracted and cannot focus on one task for a long period of time), and another is conducive for sampling procedures (several children attend a concert with a teacher and demonstrate different reactions before, during, and after the event). The first example is focused on a child, who suffers from ADHD and cannot meet the expectations of his parents and teachers. On the one hand, it is easy to involve a child in different activities within a short period of time and prove the urgency of the chosen activity.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, it is hard to explain how and why it is necessary to behave and follow the rules. To observe the peculiarities of the child’s behavior, it is necessary to become a participant in a class and avoid the cases of reactivity as the child should demonstrate his true intentions. If an observer comes for the first time, the child may be disturbed by this fact and does not show his true behavior and reactions. This is why it is necessary to get the child used to a person and his/her presence. As soon as the observer is a regular visitor, it is possible to record and analyze this kind of behavior. The second example deals with a group of children, who visit a concert with their teacher in order to get additional information and impression on a subject. As this group is the adolescent students, they can easily record their behavior independently and share their own emotions before, during, and after the event. The description of the event should take place at first to provide the psychologist with a solid background about the event and students’ expectations. Then, students may share the ir own thoughts and suggestions about the concert, its role in their educational process, and its overall effects. Such observational system may be regarded as unreliable as it is based on students’ emotions and attitudes only, still, it may be considerably improved if a psychologist uses another method (event-sampling observation) insensibly and visit the same concert anonymously in order to study the duration, frequency, and intensity of the behavior (Ostrov Hart, 2013). In this case, the chosen observational system will be effective and all-rounded. Students demonstrate different types of behavior: some of them follow attentively each piece of the concert, some of them are easily disturbed by a variety of surrounding factors, and some of them do not demonstrate any kind of emotion due to their neglect to the event. Their own records will serve as the best explanations of their behaviors. Reference List Flanagan, C. (2005). Research methods for AQA ‘A’ psychol ogy. Cheltenham, UK: Nelson Thornes.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Observational Systems Discussion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ostrov, J.M. Hart, E.J. (2013). Observational methods. In T.D. Little (Ed.) The Oxford handbook of quantitative methods, volume 1 (pp. 285-303). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Weiner, I.B., Freedheim, D.K., Graham, J.R. (2003). Handbook of psychology, assessment psychology. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. This essay on Observational Systems Discussion was written and submitted by user Ayaan Bruce to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Myob story Essays

Myob story Essays Myob story Essay Myob story Essay The City of Albertville actively supports the summer Job club that is organized by the local high school. Ralph Klein, Samantha Yoshi, and Kyra Elmore were very enthusiastic about their first day of work. They had all received word two weeks ago, after intensive inter views that they had been chosen as the successful applicants for three openings in the Data Operations Department. Arriving at 8:00 A. M. in the main foyer of City Hall, they were ushered into a second-floor meeting room to await the arrival of their new supervisor, Buzz Pringle. In addition to being the department manager, Buzz was a well-respected Data Entry Clerk and a long-time employee with the city. 1. Kyra is introduced to Samuel Weinhardt, the senior clerk for the department. Samuel is new to computers and works primarily as an inspector for computer-generated plans and reports. Although fascinated by the software, Samuel has had problems with some Windows operations and has compiled a written list of problems that he now hands to Kyra. The list reads as follows: a) Ive tried double- clicking on icons to move them, but I Just seem to get windows opening up all over he place. ) Ive tried to resize a window by clicking and holding down the right mouse button over its border, but it doesnt seem to work. c) The cascade Windows command doesnt seem to arrange the open windows in a floor tile pattern like its supposed to. d) Ive tried to move a window by clicking and holding down the left mouse button over its Maximize button, but it Just expands the window. e) I dont understand how an active window can be active when its not moving.

Marketing for non-profit organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marketing for non-profit organisations - Essay Example Both profit and non profit organisations are intimately concerned with both resource attraction and resource allocation but the manner in which either organisation type defines these activities/processes differs. Within the context of FPO’s marketing strategies and communication programmes target specified market segments in order to incite product/service purchase decisions. The implication here is that resources are obtained though product sales/services. This is not the case with NPOs where resources are generated through donations which are not necessarily contingent upon the delivery of a good/service. Marketing for the purpose of resource attraction, therefore, assumes a status of singular importance insofar as the success of the selected strategies and marketing mix is akin to the passage of a life or death sentence upon an organisation. If it is able to attract resources, it will survive, live, if it is unsuccessful, it will die. The above noted difference regarding resource attraction within the context of NPOs versus FPOs, extends to variances in the way in which each organisational type engages in resource allocation practices. FPOs engage in resource allocation management practices for the explicit purpose of organisational expansion and the maximisation of profits, while NPOs do so for the purpose of ensuring effective response to the humanitarian cause they are targeting. For example, GE, the leader in practically all the industries it is involved in, allocates resources to all of research and development, marketing and expansion for the purpose of maximising profits. In direct comparison, Oxfam, the UK’s leading NPO, allocates resources to marketing and organisational expansion, primarily the establishment of offices in other countries but its primary resource allocation activity involves the distribution of attracted resources among the humanitarian projects

Foundations of Business Knowledge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Foundations of Business Knowledge - Essay Example In any working environment, the implementation of management as well as the establishment of communication and relationships becomes more effective if there is a complete understanding of each individual’s traits and capabilities so every working person can be further managed, motivated and developed. Understanding one’s personality and becoming familiar with his or her learning style is an effective means of determining ambivalent qualities that are hard to pin down (Spender & Scherer, 2007). Through the use of self-assessment tests, learning styles indicators and personality tests, individuals are helped in developing self-awareness that is extremely essential when working with any organization (Atherton, 2003). Consequently, companies will be able to support others in achieving self-awareness and working further towards development. They will also be able to improve their level of knowledge of how they can understand and motivate their employees, which will eventuall y aid them to function better in the workplace and even within their personal lives. In turn, these organizations may attain benefits from the improved performance and effectiveness of their employees; desirable outcomes for the organization include increased productivity, enhanced sense of collaboration, and sustained efforts towards self-development. To understand various personality types has been proven valuable for any company as they are able to appreciate their value, strengths and qualities in relation to their contribution to the organization’s goals (Malone, Crowstone & Herman, 2003). Organizational members develop an understanding that their differences are primarily based on their personalities and thus have to find ways of leveraging on such differences rather than allowing these to deter them from reaching organizational goals. Furthermore, aside from managing

Technology Leads to Positive Social Changes Essay

Technology Leads to Positive Social Changes - Essay Example It has been apparently observed that previously people had to make more efforts in order to perform a simple work. However, the notion of technology made the humans’ job easier as well as simple and reduced their work-related difficulties at large. It is in this context, social changes can be defined as the shifts in human attitudes as well as behaviors that differentiate society in an effectual manner. Advancement in technologies significantly made positive changes in the social aspects. In this regard, technology provides certain advanced means that helps to improve the human attitudes as well as behaviors within the social context in a positive manner (Kubesh, Katie, Mcneil, Niki, and Bellotto, Kimm 10). Thesis statement This discussion intends to critique the proclamation that the aspect of technology certainly gets better over time and always lead towards positive social changes. Evolution of Technology over Time and Its Relation to Positive Social Changes Technology is r egarded as the process that makes a significant effort in meeting the human requirements such as shelter, food, health as well as communication. Advanced technologies have been getting better over a period of time that intends to provide significant facilities with the intention of improving the society. It can be affirmed that the idea of technology has developed the living standard of the societal members to a greater extent throughout the last decade and is still continuing to perform such function. It has been apparently observed that technology has provided advanced amenities to different people belonging to any communities by the systematic employment of science. Previously, social interaction among the people living in different regions was viewed to be quiet due to lack of communication as well as interaction. However, in recent days, with the introduction of innovative technologies such as mobile phones and internet, people can interact with each other quickly without facin g any difficulties. In the past, the distance was considered to be one of the critical factors that restricted social interaction among people.

The Issue Of Heavy Metals Contamination Environmental Sciences Essay

The Issue Of Heavy Metals Contamination Environmental Sciences Essay Rapid urbanization and industrialization has led to increase disposal of heavy metals and radionuclide into the environment. Heavy metals contamination problem increase rapidly is due to the increasing of the industrialization. The key property of heavy metal is the non-biodegradable properties of the heavy metal ions. As metal ion persistent in nature it will remain in the environment and poses environmental-disposal problems (Leità £o, 2009). Among the pollution of water sources, contaminations of heavy metal ions in water are the problem that reaching a dangerous level (Regine and Volesky, 2000). The main sources of heavy metal ions contamination include the urban industrial aerosols, solid wastes from animals, mining activities, industrial and also agricultural activities (KarnikaAlluri et al,. 2007). Heavy metal is defined as element with high weight, which has the properties of a metallic substance at room temperature and is toxic or poisonous at low concentrations. Heavy metal ions of concern include chromium, lead, mercury, silver, gold, zinc, arsenic, nickel, cadmium, uranium, selenium and mercury (Ahalya et al, 2003). Heavy metal ions can enter a water sources by industrial and consumer waste, or even from acidic rain breaking down soils and releasing heavy metals into streams, lakes, rivers, and groundwater (Lenntech, 2009). These heavy metals have high toxicity and impact as they can cause human major health problem (Leità £o, 2009). Heavy metal ions are dangerous because it tend to bioaccumulation. Bioaccumulation defines as an increase in the concentration of a chemical in a biological organism over time, compared to the chemicals concentration in the environment. Compounds accumulate in living things any time they are taken up and stored faster than they are broken down (metabolized) or excreted (Lenntech, 2009). This is because these heavy metals can be carried into food web as a result of leaching from water dumps or other polluted water sources. These metals then will increase the metals concentration at every level of food chain and cause affect human health (Paknikar et al, 2003). Even at low concentration, heavy metals can also causing human health problem. It can cause toxicity to humans and other forms of life. 1.1 Aquatic and water sources pollutants One of the main causes of aqueous heavy metal pollution is the release of the heavy metal ion containing industrial waste into water sources. This usually as a direct result of inefficiency treatment of the heavy metal removal processes. Occurrence of aquatic pollutants (such as heavy metals) has been correlated to alterations in the fish immune system and the incidence of infectious diseases. Water bodies are being overwhelmed with pollutant and waste matter such as heavy metal. Among all the toxic substances reaching hazardous levels are heavy metals (Regine and Volesky, 2000). Even very low level of certain heavy metals can have profound effects upon the structure or even the functions of the immune system that could be almost as harmful as direct toxic doses (Saxena et al, 2009). The main threats to human health from heavy metals are associated with exposure to lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic. Cadmium compounds are the by-product that used in re-chargeable nickel-cadmium batteries. Cadmium will accumulate in living organisms and can cause several health problems in humans (Benguella and Benaissa, 2002). Cadmium emissions have increase dramatically during the 20th century, one reason being that cadmium-containing products are rarely re-cycled, but often dumped together with household waste. Therefore, measures should be taken to reduce cadmium exposure in the general population in order to minimize the risk of adverse health effects. The other metal ion that should be concern is copper. Unlike cadmium, copper is not toxic as cadmium, however extensive of copper used in industry and increasing the copper levels in the environment was a reason for concern. Besides, the general population is primarily exposed to mercury through food, fish being a major source of methyl mercury exposure because of the major food source. The adverse effects of heavy metals on human health show in Table 1.0 (Hima et al., 2007). The best accepted option is to avoid the possibility of polluting the water sources. Thus, the treatments of heavy metals contaminated water become more important issues in this endeavour. To avoid health hazards is essential to remove all these toxic heavy metals from wastewater before its disposal. Table 1.0: Types of heavy metals and their effect on human health. (Hima et al., 2007) 1.2 Method for heavy metal removal Recently, the efficient method of removal heavy metals has become important and concern for industry (Malik, 2004). They are various industrial processes for elimination of heavy metals. These industrial wastewater treatments is due to the process of chemical precipitation, membrane technologies, solvent extraction, reverse osmosis, electrochemical treatment, ion exchange, evaporation recovery and also chemical oxidation-reduction (Leità £o, 2009). Physiochemical processes also use in heavy metals removal of water sources before the influents into natural water system (Nars and Garima, 2004). However, all this methods have a major disadvantage which is difficult to handle and expensive processes. Besides, these methods frequently result in the release of toxic products and thus cause of secondary sources of environmental pollution problem (Leità £o, 2009). Most of the physiochemical process become less effective and more expensive when he metal concentration are in range of 1 to 10 0 mg/L (Nars and Garima, 2004). Another major problem is the ability for removal of heavy metals in low concentrations and is inefficiency. It also produces other waste products that require careful disposal (Ahalya et al., 2003). Thus, a need for a cost effective alternative technologies are important. In this case, microbial biomass has the high efficiency and option for developing an economic and eco-friendly waste water treatment process. Bioremediation can be defined as a biological process or treatment that used to clean up of hazardous chemicals. Bioremediation processes involve the use of microorganisms or even enzyme to return the environment back to its original condition. In recent years, rapid urbanization and industrialization has led the increase of heavy metals into environment. Hence, due to the environmental protection and economical constrain the need of bioremediation in removing and recycling of metal ions from industrial wastewater become more important. Bioremediation can be an effective method that can alter the ecosystem pollution. There are certain main advantages to bioremediation, in which other process cannot be reach easily. One simple case that can be view is the contamination of gasoline in underground water. By injection of the right microorganism, it may reduce the pollution concentrations after a period of time. The bioremediation is less expensive compared to other chemical cleaning processes. In recent years, certain new method was discovered in removing heavy metals from the water sources. It was found that fungus biomass would be an effective method in removing heavy metal ions in wastewater. This is because the ability of fungi in absorbing metal ions would be more efficiency when it grow some condition or reach certain situation. Certain condition or pre-treatment can be use on to the fungal biomass to increase the efficiency in order to speed up the bioremediation process. In other words, the biosorption procedure are said to be easy to handle, safer, rapid process, and inexpensive for the pretreatment and trace metals separation in aqueous solutions (Say, 2003). However, many of these methods are ineffective. This resulting in low levels of heavy metal ion removal and can also be economically inefficiency (Ghimire et al., 2003). Figure 1.0: Schematic representation of biosorption procedure. (Hima et al., 2007) 1.3 Biomass of Fungus To overcome the entire metal ion pollution problem, all the removal of heavy metals from waste water must be highly effective. Thus the use of biomass was selected. The biomass has several advantages as heavy metal ion adsorbent over the commonly method and more efficient adsorbents and is a renewable source (Ghimire et al., 2002). Biomass often as the waste product from the industry processes. It is cheap and easily available product. Thus, according to the industrial perspective, heavy metal removal systems that are renewable and inexpensive are highly preferred by industry and achieve the environmental perspective. A filamentous fungus is a member of large group of eukaryotic organisms which are variable in form, behavior and life cycle patterns that are classified as a kingdom that is separated from plants, animals and bacteria (Geeta Sumbali, 2005). There is the possibility that fungus has the ability to remove heavy metal ions to meet the discharge standards required by federal regulations. Fungi can remove heavy metals and radio nuclides from the aqueous solution. Fungi can accumulate heavy metal and radionuclide species by physico-chemical and biological mechanisms. These methods include extracellular binding by metabolites and biopolymers, binding to specific polypeptides and metabolism-dependent accumulation (Tobin, 1994). The transfer of metals from environment into the cell maybe accomplished by active transport associated with metabolic activities, but it is also a passive process metal uptake by the cell across the cell wall. The cell-wall fraction of biomass plays an important role in the sorption of heavy metals. The potential of fungal biomass as biosorbent has been recognized for the removal of heavy metals from polluted water sources. Due to the negative charge from the different functional group, fungal cell walls can act as a cation exchanger (Fomina, 2007). The examples are phosphate, carboxylic, sulfhydryl or amine that was found in different wall compo nents such as hemicelluloses, pectin and lignin (Fomina, 2007). The reason that makes fungi biosorption become attractive is due to the possibility of obtaining large quantities of product without causing disposal problem and low cost. One example is the Rhizopus arrhizus, which are common for industrial exploitation due to its strong metal-sorbent properties. The amino groups of chitin were found to be a major site of thorium uptake in Rhizopus arrhizus. The cell wall of fungi typically containing long chain of chitin polymer, cellulose or contain both chitin and cellulose. Fungi cell walls are rich in glycoproteins and polysaccharides, for example the glucans, chitin, mannans and phospho-mannans. The chemical structure of a part of cell wall fungi was show in figure 1.0. Chitin polymers layer provide the abundant sources of metal ion binding ligands. The amino groups of chitin were found to be a major site of thorium uptake in Rhizopus arrhizus. The main chemical groups in a biomass which are able to uptake metal ions are the electronegative groups such as hydroxyl, sulfhydryl groups and amino groups. This is the main factor that causes the fungi biomasses have the ability to accumulate metal ion. The level of heavy metals absorption capacity by various fungal species was show in table 1.1. Figure 1.1: Schematic diagram representation of the outer cell layer of fungi. (Leità £o, 2009) Figure 1.2: Chemical structure for a part of chitin polymer. (Boya Volesky, 1999) Table 1.1: Heavy metals absorption capacity by various fungal species. (Narsi and Garima, 2005) 1.4 Objective of this thesis The main objective of this review is to present report of investigations related to the ability of fungal species as a suitable model organism to use in the process of eliminating heavy metal ions from contaminated water sources. In this review the removal of heavy metal ions such chromium, cadmium and copper from synthetic wastewater by a fungus biomass is presented. The design of an effective bioreactor for the removal of copper in aqueous solution is presented. The reactor was based on an aqueous system containing metal ions in solution. These reviews also include a report on the investigation of the effect that would affect the efficiency of fungal biomass in absorption metal ions. A study of factors that affect the efficiency of fungal biomass will provide a good industrial reference for the use of fungus in the removal of metal ion as a mean of protecting the environment from heavy metal pollution.

Comparison of Severan copy of Athena Parthenos and 13th century :: essays research papers fc

Comparison of Severan copy of Athena Parthenos and 13th century   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Virgin and Mary   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Severan copy of Athena Parthenos and an early 13th century Virgin child are two pieces at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts that compare and contrast in several ways. Their historical importance as symbols, their sculptural mediums, styles and dimensions, and their functions make them historically relevant.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Reduced Replica of Athena Parthenos - at the MFA in Boston is a marble statue which depicts a graceful, robed female icon. The statue has lost both arms, and is dressed in a chiton Athena , also referred to as Minerva, the Maiden, or Parthenos was the Favorite daughter of Zeus. Legend states that she was not generated by any woman with Zeus, but instead leapt out of his head fully grown and armored. Athena is known an the goddess of wisdom, the goddess of the city , the protectress of civilized life, artisan activities , and agricultural bounty. All of these characteristics explain her sculptural likenesses in so many ancient cities in need of dietous protection. 1   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This particular piece is of Severan creation. The Severans came to power in the late second century. Marcus Aurelius ¹ son Commodus succeeded his father in 180, only to inherit an empire that was becoming increasingly harder to uphold , and imperial order was being threatened. Eventually, he was assassinated , and the Roman world was thrown into civil discord. Septimius Severus emerged as the new emperor in 193 after proclaiming himself to be Marcus Aurelius ¹ son. 2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Severan ¹s hometown was called Lepcis Magna, on the coast of what is now Libya. In the early third century the port city used imperial funds to ornament itself with a new forum, basilica , arch, and several monuments and statues. One of these statues may be the Athena Parthenos . 3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Like other heroic statues of second and third century Rome, Athena  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  has a rigid , strong but graceful torso that can be seen in the later period of Soldier Emperors that would follow in coming decades. While examining Athena ¹s garb- her birthday suit of armor and cloth - a paralell can be drawn to the battle gear seen in the Ludovisi battle sarcophagus and the Athena ¹s chiton. In both of these , the garments ¹ cloth hangs with a powerful rigidity that doesn ¹t really cling to the body.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This gives a feeling of protective layering and puts limited focus on the anatomy of the covered torso and limbs.

EXTREME PERCEPTION AND ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE

EXTREME PERCEPTION AND ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE Many animals also have extreme perception. Forensic dogs are three times as good as any X-ray machine at sniffing out contraband, drugs, or explosives, and their overall success rate on tests is 90 percent. The fact that a dog can smell things a person can't doesn't make him a genius; it just makes him a dog. Humans can see things dogs can't, but that doesn't make us smarter. But when you look at the jobs some dogs have invented for them ­selves using their advanced perceptual abilities, you're moving into the realm of true cognition, which is solving a problem under novel conditions.The seizure alert dogs are an example of an animal using advanced perceptual abilities to solve a problem no dog was born knowing how to solve. Seizure alert dogs are dogs who, their owners say, can predict a seizure before it starts. There's still controversy over whether you can train dog to predict seizures, and so far peo ­ple haven't had a lot of luck t rying. But there are a number of dogs who have figured it out on their own. These dogs were trained as seizure-response dogs, meaning they can help a person once a seizure has begun.The dog might be trained to lie on top of the person so he doesn't hurt himself, or bring the person his medicine or the telephone. Those are all standard helpful behaviors any dog can be trained to perform. But some of these dogs have gone from responding to seizures to perceiving signs of a seizure ahead of time. No one knows how they do this,because the signs are invisible to people. No human being can look at someone who's about to have a seizure and see (or hear, smell, or feel) what's coming. Yet one study found that 10 percent of owners said their seizure response dogs had turned into seizure alert dogs.The New York Times published a terrific article about a woman named Connie Standley, in Florida, who has two huge Bouvier des Flandres dogs who predict her seizures about thirty minutes ahead of ti me. When they sense Ms. Standley is heading into a seizure they'll do things like pull on her clothes, bark at her, or drag on her hand to get her to someplace safe so she won't get hurt whenthe seizure begins. Ms. Standley says they predict about 80 percent of her seizures Ms. Standley'S dogs apparently were trained as seizure alert dogs before they came to her, but there aren't many dogs in that category.Most of the seizure alert dogs were trained to respond to seizures, not predict seizures. The seizure alert dogs remind me of Clever Hans. Hans was the world-famous German horse in the early 1900s whose owner, Wilhelm von Osten, thought he could count. Herr von Osten could ask the horse questions like, â€Å"What's seven and five? † and Hans would tap out the number 12 with his hoof. Hans could even tap out answers to questions like, â€Å"If the eighth day of the month comes on Tuesday, what is the date for the following Friday? † .He could answer mathe ­ matical questions posed to him by complete strangers, too. Eventually a psychologist named Oskar Pfungst managed to show that Hans wasn't really counting. Instead, Hans was observing sub ­ tle, unconscious cues the humans had no idea they were giving of He'd start tapping his foot when he could see it was time to start tapping; then he'd stop tapping his foot when he saw it was time to stop tapping. His questioners were making tiny, move ­ ments only Hans could see. The movements were so tiny the humans making themcouldn't even feel them. Dr.Pfungst couldn't see the movements, either, and he was look ­ ing for them. He finally solved the case by putting Hans's question ­ers out of view and having them ask Hans questions they didn't know the answers to themselves. It turned out Hans could answer questions only when the person asking the question was in plain view and already knew the answer. If either condition was missing, his performance fell apart. Psychologists often use the Clev er Hans story to show that humans who believe animals are intelligent are deluding themselves. But that's not the obvious conclusion as far as I'm concerned.No one has ever been able to train a horse to do what Hans did. Hans trained himself. Is the ability to read a member of a different species as well as Hans was reading human beings really a sign that he was just a â€Å"dumb animal† who'd been classically conditioned to stamp his hoof? I think there'smore to it than that. What makes Hans similar to the seizure alert dogs is that both Hans and the dogs acquired their skills without human help. As I mentioned, to my knowledge, so far no one's figured out how to take a â€Å"raw† dog and teach it how to predict seizures.About the best a trainer can do is reward the dogs for helping when a person is having a seizure and then leave it up to the dog to star identifYing signs that predict the onset of a seizure on his own. That approach hasn't been hugely successful, but some dogs do it. I think those dogs are showing superior intelligence the same way a human who can do something few other people can do shows superior intelli ­gence. What makes the actions of the seizure alert dogs, and probably of Hans, too, a sign of high intelligence–or high talent-is the fact that they didn't have to do what they did.It's one thing for a dog to start recognizing the signs that a seizure coming; you might chalk that up to unique aspects of canine hearing, smell, or vision, like the fact that a dog can hear a dog whistle while a human can't. But it's another thing for a dog to start to recognize the signs of an impend ­ing seizure and then decide to do something about it. That's what intelligence is in humans; intelligence is people using their built-in perceptual and cognitive skills to achieve useful and sometimes remarkable goals.

Summarise The Topic Of beyond Cloud In The Follwing Pdf File Essay

Summarise The Topic Of beyond Cloud In The Follwing Pdf File Essay Summarise The Topic Of beyond Cloud In The Follwing Pdf File – Essay Example Every Business Is a Digital Business IT is a driving force for how companies grow effectively. IT forms part of core competencies in companies as industries are now driven by software. Business innovation and expansion, in the current world, is centered on digital efforts. Farsighted organizations embrace IT as a strategic asset. At this time, the executive leadership team should recognize that technology cannot be separated from business (Accenture Technology Vision 2013 9).Companies now opt for mobile communications channels, context based services, and social media in creating digital relationships with consumers. Businesses get more information about their consumers through; social media, online chat, e-mail, Web pages, tweets, and mobile apps (Accenture Technology Vision 2013 25). Businesses appreciate the fact that consumer information is valuable for future insight. Consumer information should assist businesses in answering specific questions that will aid businesses in attain ing their goals. Businesses should design applications that will aid in getting the right data. Savvy companies, after understanding what happened, they aim at understanding why it happened, and this is achieved by capturing the right data with the right software (Accenture Technology Vision 2013 32).Businesses should execute their actions at the same speed that opportunities are realized. It is important for executives to match data velocity with business processes. Various business intelligence software avail information about customers, work orders, and products. Data velocity calls for instant mobile access to data. In addition, employees who are data savvy and have analytical skills will enhance data velocity (Accenture Technology Vision 2013 47).Communication among employees results in a faster and higher-quality work, and thus, increased productivity. Businesses achieve this through using collaboration and social channels. Companies should incorporate social technologies in c ore business processes. Businesses executives should appreciate the new mindset of â€Å"every business is a digital business† (Accenture Technology Vision 2013 87). Accenture Technology Vision 2013. "Every Business Is a Digital Business." Accenture (2013): 100. Print.

Free Essays on The Battle Of Lake Erie

THE BATTLE OF LAKE ERIE ‘We have met the enemy and they are ours†. (Millette 107) This famous quotation refers to a Battle that was more important than winning just a battle, it meant winning back the control of the Great Lakes. Whoever controlled the lake had a fastermode of troop transport and keeping troops supplied. (Coles 120) The Americans and the British each inaugurated a vigorous program to build a squadron on Lake Erie. The Americans moved their naval base from Black Rock to Erie, Pa, where a long, sandy island called Presque Isle protected a shallow bay. (Coles 123) In February 1813, Commandant Oliver Hazard Perry was selected to command the squadron being built. (Millette 107) The British Navy had taken control of the Great Lakes, and it allowed the British toops to take control of Fort Dearborn, Detroit, and other land south of the Great Lakes. (Garraty 190) Perry spent several months at Presque Isle, at Erie, Pa. Here, Daniel Dobbins and other ship builders worked feverishly to build a fleet of ships suitable for challenging the British. Materials were taken locally and shipped in from various points on the East Coast, a feat that historian Samual Eliot Morison said was more impressive than the legendary ship builing of World War II. ( Coles 124) While building the ships, Perry begged Captain Issac Chauncy to send him experienced seaman. In one of the letters he had wrote ‘Conceive my feelings: an enemy within striking distance, my vessels ready, and not men anough to man them† (Coles 125) Shortly after, on August 10th Jesse D. Elliott arrived with about 100 seaman.. Perry placed Jesse on the Niagra and sailed westward onAugust 12th. (Coles 125) Perry sailed to Sandusky Bay were he held a conference with General Harrison and his principal subordinates. Harrison lent Perry 100 Kentucky marksmen. (Millette 107) British Commander Robert H. Barclay was also struggling with manpower and supply... Free Essays on The Battle Of Lake Erie Free Essays on The Battle Of Lake Erie THE BATTLE OF LAKE ERIE ‘We have met the enemy and they are ours†. (Millette 107) This famous quotation refers to a Battle that was more important than winning just a battle, it meant winning back the control of the Great Lakes. Whoever controlled the lake had a fastermode of troop transport and keeping troops supplied. (Coles 120) The Americans and the British each inaugurated a vigorous program to build a squadron on Lake Erie. The Americans moved their naval base from Black Rock to Erie, Pa, where a long, sandy island called Presque Isle protected a shallow bay. (Coles 123) In February 1813, Commandant Oliver Hazard Perry was selected to command the squadron being built. (Millette 107) The British Navy had taken control of the Great Lakes, and it allowed the British toops to take control of Fort Dearborn, Detroit, and other land south of the Great Lakes. (Garraty 190) Perry spent several months at Presque Isle, at Erie, Pa. Here, Daniel Dobbins and other ship builders worked feverishly to build a fleet of ships suitable for challenging the British. Materials were taken locally and shipped in from various points on the East Coast, a feat that historian Samual Eliot Morison said was more impressive than the legendary ship builing of World War II. ( Coles 124) While building the ships, Perry begged Captain Issac Chauncy to send him experienced seaman. In one of the letters he had wrote ‘Conceive my feelings: an enemy within striking distance, my vessels ready, and not men anough to man them† (Coles 125) Shortly after, on August 10th Jesse D. Elliott arrived with about 100 seaman.. Perry placed Jesse on the Niagra and sailed westward onAugust 12th. (Coles 125) Perry sailed to Sandusky Bay were he held a conference with General Harrison and his principal subordinates. Harrison lent Perry 100 Kentucky marksmen. (Millette 107) British Commander Robert H. Barclay was also struggling with manpower and supply...

Human Resource Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human Resource Development - Essay Example As a HR Manager, our company CEO has expressed a similar viewpoint, contending that HRD is unnecessary during the financial crisis and that the HRD budget should be the first to go in case of cost reduction. This is informed by previous actions taken after financial crises, during which this strategy worked. However, the present crisis is starkly different from the earlier ones as it has spread very fast globally and brought world economies close to collapse. This course of action, therefore, may not be as effective as it was earlier. Markets have been steadily decreasing with sales also shrinking; therefore, different solutions are required at company, national, and international level (Caprio, 2012: p54). The current crisis has been compared to the Great Depression, with the remedies used then being implemented by various companies to date (Jungmann et al, 2011: p33). However, serious and vital changes have happened since then. The most important difference is the change in the nat ional economy structures. Compared to the Great Depression era, the service sector has grown in significance with the industrial and agricultural sectors decreasing. This has meant that there has been an extensive strengthening in an area where connection to the material processes has been secondary, even as employment factors have remained significant (Fuchita et al, 2010: p65). Productive capital is to be found embedded into the employee’s and their work. This paper will seek to show that corporate methodology for dealing with the current crisis cannot follow earlier patterns by cutting funding to Human Resource Development L&D. This is informed partly by the character of the present crisis. This is especially factual for a company where intangible assets, have a vital role to play and where production is linked to knowledge instead of tangible assets. The Role of Learning and Development in Times of crisis The management of crisis and their solutions appears time to time i n the media. This usually involves reduction of working time for employees, lay-offs or cuts to Human Resource Development. In most cases, the organizations have no choice with regards to avoiding insolvency or bankruptcy. Cutting funding to Human Resource Development, however, offers short-term solutions while leading to long-term problems (Lazear & Michael, 2009: p44). One assumption made regarding knowledge management is that human capital and information play a more significant role in the input process. A significant part of the organization’s value lies with human capital, i.e. the knowledge in its employees possession, which is a crucial factors as far as improved corporate performance and competitiveness are concerned (Lazear, 1998: p10). Faced by a crisis, however, an organization may begin paying inadequate attention to the retention of knowledge that is lay-offs as well as the improvement of knowledge for its employees. Most companies will utilize a â€Å"lawnmowe r principle† with an aim to reduce costs by trying to economize on their highest components of cost; wages and Human Resource Development (Buckley & Jim, 2009: p22). This strategy, however, is limited in its effectiveness. Cutting costs involves the sacrifice of resources in order to increase profit, with whoever is tasked to examine resource utilization attempting to cut costs by all means possible. Costs, however, occur during operation and not at the investment point. Assets improve profits and costs need

Skin put Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Skin put - Assignment Example The basic reason behind this research analysis was to take the opinion of the public about the product. The results of the research study are showing the concerns of the people regarding the skinput technology. Most of the young people are supporting it whereas some other critics are also augmenting on the sensitivity of the skinput technology. Mostly people are of the opinion that this gadget is useful and easy to use for giving commands etc. The level of creativity and innovation is very high in this Microsoft product Skinput. Despite all such advantages people argue that the price of the technology is high. They may not be able to afford it. The cost aspect is very important from both sides, i.e. customer and the company (Beirut 1). Many of the critics also argue that the health issues related to the technology. Initially the mobile phone technology also faced many argument regarding harmful rays and signals, which may disturb the natural audible sense of a person. It is the case with this Microsoft’s skinput technology. People are very much concerned that either it would harm the body or not. Obviously when the device is directly connected to the human body, the people may get suspicious about its effects. Some people also argue on the small size of the skinput device. The small size of the device may reduce the function ability of the product. The skinput device as compare to other digital devices, which are larger and thus provide a wide space for the viewers, may irritate people. In order to make the product more popular and famous in the public the marketing managers must focus on the advertising and promotion of the technology. The product will be successful when people will replace their existing mobile phones with this skinput technology. A true advertising campaign actually gives benefit when people perceive the specific product as the necessary item of their